天然气水合物开采方法的研究进展

Research Progress on the Mining Method of Gas Hydrate

在世界范围内气体水合物最为广泛分布的位置为海洋沉积物和极地永久冻土带。为了缓解全球能源紧缺危机,对天然气水合物的开采方法的研究空前活跃,目前国内外所提出的天然气水合物的开采方法还只处于模拟试验阶段,所提出的天然气水合物开采路线分为固态开采和地下分解开采两种:固态开采效率高,但技术难度大,适用于浅埋藏,高饱和度的水合物藏开采;地下分解开采研究得最多,开采的传统方法均是基于使水合物的温度和压力条件降低到平衡条件以下,从而破坏水合物的相平衡,而使水合物分解,可归纳为热激发法、降压法和注入化学试剂法三类。

Gas hydrate distributes extensively in marine sediments and permafrost in Polar Regions.To ease the worldwide energy crisis,researches on the mining method of gas hydrate are carried out actively.At present,the mining methods proposed in China are still in the experimental stage,namely,solid state exploration and underground decomposition.Solid state exploration is efficient yet difficult to operate;it is applicable to the mining of shallow buried and high-saturated hydrate.Underground decomposition is commonly studied,the traditional approach is to keep the temperature and pressure below the balance condition so as to break the balance of hydrate and decompose it.It falls into three kinds：thermal excitation,depressurization and chemical injection.