故宫古建木柱典型残损问题分析及建议

Typical Structural Problems of Wooden Columns in the Ancient Buildings of the Forbidden City

为保护故宫古建筑,采取现场勘查与归纳分析相结合的方法,以故宫古建大木结构的柱子为对象,研究了它们的典型残损问题,并讨论了加固方法。基于这些木柱典型构造和受力特点,归纳了其不同类型的残损问题,就这些问题产生的原因进行了讨论,并相应提出加固的方案或建议。研究得出以下结论:故宫古建木柱典型残损问题有糟朽、开裂、柱顶石风化、加固件松动等,产生这些问题的主要原因与木柱构造特点、施工工艺、构件材料及木柱受力特征等原因相关,采取传统和现代的方法均可实现木柱的有效加固。

To protect the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City,wooden columns in the Forbidden City were taken as the research subjects. Typical structural problems were studied and strengthening methods were discussed.According to the typical structure and bearing performances of these columns,the typical structural problems were summed up,the causes of these problems were discussed,and the corresponding strengthening advices were proposed. Research results indicate that typical structural problems of these columns are rot,crack,stone base weathering,rust of iron strengthening material and so on; main causes for these problems are related not only to the constitution,construction process and the bearing performance of the columns,but also the material properties of wood,iron and stone; by traditional or modern techniques,the columns can be effectively strengthened.