土壤生态系统服务功能表征与计量

Characterizing and Quantifying Soil Resilience for Ecosystem Services

2015年是世界土壤年,健康的土壤是地球可持续发展的基石。然而,由于人类直接或间接的干扰,如土地利用变化、土壤管理和土地退化,使得土壤在全球变化压力下变得愈加脆弱。土壤在生态系统服务供应中发挥着至关重要的作用,土壤所提供的各种生态系统服务之间的相互协同或抵消作用是土壤生态系统服务功能研究的主要内容。土壤的碳、氮、水三大生物地球化学循环以及土壤的生物多样性与供给、调节、支持和文化四个生态系统服务紧密相关。为探索土壤可持续管理途径,提升土壤的生态系统服务能力,从碳、氮、水循环与生物多样性出发进行土壤生态系统服务功能表征与计量方法学研究亟待进行。开发用于评价土地利用和土壤管理可持续性的生态系统服务指标体系,采用多尺度、多目标、多因素集成分析探讨各生态系统服务之间的协同或抵消效应是研究的难点,而模型模拟可以在土壤生态系统服务功能计量研究中扮演重要的角色。

2015 is the International Year of Soil, which indicates soils are the central consideration of what constitutes sustainable development. However, due to direct or indirect human disturbance such as land use change, soil management and land degradation, soil becomes fragile under the global change pressures. Soils play a critical role in delivering ecosystem services. The co-benefits or trade-offs between various ecosystem services provided by soils are main issues focused by the researchers. Soil carbon, nutrient and water cycles, and soil biodiversity could be related to the provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural ecosystem services which they underpin. Characterizing and quantifying soil resilience for ecosystem services are main challenges to seek the sustainable soil management for improving soil resilience. Developing the ecosystem service indicators system and assessing the co-benefits or trade-offs between various ecosystem services using multiscale, multi-objectives, multi-factors approaches are both focused on the process of research. Furthermore, model simulation is one of the key approaches for the quantification of soil resilience for ecosystem services.