国内外长输油气管道顶管工程标准对比分析

Comparative analysis on the jacking engineering standards for long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China and abroad

长输油气管道河流顶管的特点是地质结构复杂,地层岩性变化大,地下水压高,对设备要求高,施工难度大,因此长输油气管道顶管工程的勘察、设计与施工标准至关重要。结合国内顶管工程特点,从地质勘察的深入程度、岩土物理力学指标、顶管设备选型、设备配置最低要求、风险分析等方面,对比分析了我国顶管工程标准与德国DWA-A 125E《顶管及相关技术》、美国ASCE 36-01《微型隧道铺管标准施工指南》及日本メカニカルブラインド-2003《封闭式机械推进施工法》等标准的差异,并对我国相关标准提出修订建议:根据地质的复杂程度与难易程度,对顶管工程进行分级;岩土试验项目应根据岩土性质确定,并增加磨蚀系数这一重要参数;在设计时需要明确给出顶管设备配置的最低要求,增加风险分析方面的内容。同时,指出我国与国外油气管道顶管工程标准在理念上的不同是:国外顶管标准注重工程风险分析与评价,国内注重顶管实施细节。

Jacking of long-distance oil and gas pipeline in fiver is often used in conditions of complex geology structure, frequently changing stratum lithology, and high pressure of underground water, where the operation is difficult and high- level equipment are required. Therefore, investigation, design and operation standards for such jacking are of great importance. In this paper, the Chinese jacking standards are benchmarked with DWA-A 125E Pipe Jacking and Related Techniques in German, ASCE 36-01 Standard Construction Guidelines for Microtunneling in America and メカニカルブラインド-2003 Mechanical Non-directional Construction Law in Japan from the aspects of the depth of geological exploration, geotechnical physical and mechanical indexes, pipe jacking equipment selection, minimum requirements of equipment configuration and risk analysis. In addition, some suggestions are proposed to revise some standards in China as follows. Firstly, pipe jacking projects should be classified according to the complexity and difficulty of geology, secondly, rock and soil test projects should be determined according to the properties of rock and soil and an important parameter of abrasion coefficient is adopted and thirdly, the minimum requirements for the configuration of pipe jacking equipment should be given clearly during design and risk analysis should be considered. Moreover, this paper points out the theoretical difference in jacking standards, namely, foreign countries care more about the risk analysis and evaluation, while China focuses more on details in implementation of jacking. （6 Tables, 12 References）