《张迁碑》相关问题考辨

Stele of Zhang Qian and Related Issues

《张迁碑》是著名汉碑之一,具有重要的历史文献价值和书法艺术价值,自问世以来,即受到历代学者、书家的高度关注。本来清初顾炎武等人对《张迁碑》的质疑之声经后世学者批驳已趋沉寂,但数年前,又有学者古调重弹,认为《张迁碑》为重刻或伪刻,并在学界产生了一定影响。本文就《张迁碑》的相关问题进行考辨:首先,明确了明代学者杨士奇、都穆获得拓本的具体时间以及前贤对《张迁碑》的怀疑情况;其次,从书刻角度看,《张迁碑》应是未经书丹而直接由石工刊刻而成,从而导致碑中出现种种讹误;最后,结合其它汉碑及汉代官制可见,《张迁碑》碑额"二职并列"的体例与《李孟初碑》相同,并非"史无前例",既为夸颂碑主之尊,又能彰显立碑人之功,实为两全其美之举。就目前所见,《张迁碑》并无可疑之处,仍不失为相关学术研究以及书法学习的重要资料。

The stele of Zhang Qian is a famous Han dynasty tablet of great historical and artistic value and has interested scholars and calligraphers throughout history. Although the questioning of its authenticity from early Qing dynasty scholar Gu Yanwu has already been refuted by later scholars, recently, the new questioning from a scholar that this stele is a recarving or a forgery has been influential. The current authors investigate the years when Ming dynasty scholars Yang Shiqi and Du Mu saw this stele and review previous scholars＇ doubts over it. In terms of writing and carving, this stele was carved by craftsmen without transcribing with cinnabar, which has resulted in various errors. After a comparison with other Han tablets and Han official system, it is pointed out that the format of the tablet head is the same to that of Li Mengchu＇s stele, instead of being regarded by some scholars as ＂unprecedented＂. Based on the above analysis, the stele of Zhang Qian is still regarded as authentic and important document for researches and calligraphers.