外商直接投资对东道国企业间工资差距的影响

Foreign Direct Investment and Wage Inequality in Host Country

本文在分析外商直接投资(FDI)对东道国内外资企业间工资差距影响的动态过程和理论机制的基础上,利用中国工业企业数据库测算了FDI对我国企业间工资差距的影响程度和变化趋势。理论分析显示,FDI通过劳动力转移效应和技术溢出效应引起的东道国内外资企业间工资差距,呈现先增大后缩小的倒U型特征。实证分析显示,在考察期内,FDI对我国企业间工资差距的影响显著,其贡献率在10%以上,在所考察的所有变量中排在第二位;从趋势上看,FDI的贡献总体呈现逐年下降的趋势。其原因在于:目前FDI引起的我国内外资企业间的工资差距已经进入缩小阶段,即FDI通过劳动力转移效应和技术溢出效应引起的我国内外资企业间的工资差距已经进入倒U型曲线的后半段。未来我们应该充分利用这一特点,进一步扩大对外开放的领域,提高引资质量,从而继续缩小国内企业间的工资差距,这将有助于我国尽快跨越"中等收入陷阱"。

Based on the theoretical analysis of the effects of foreign direct investment （FDI） on wage inequality, the paper calculates contributions of relevant factors, particularly FDI, to wage inequality in enterprise-level by using the regression- based decomposition approach （Shapley value）. Theoretical analysis shows that the wage gap between foreign and local firms which caused by FDI through labor transfer and technology spillover effects presents an inverted U-shaped feature. Empirical analysis shows FDI has great influence on China＇s wage inequality which contributed over 10 percent to the wage gap, however, there is a sharp decline in the overall trend. The chief reason is that the wage gap between foreign and local firms which caused by FDI through labor transfer and technology spillover has entered the downward phase. Thus, in order to reduce the wage gap between enterprises, longstanding market-access barriers in China should be dismantled to attract more companies with high technological levels.