衰老致2型糖尿病发病易感性增加的分子机制研究进展

Research advances in molecular mechanisms of increased susceptibility of type 2 diabetes resulted from aging

2型糖尿病的发病率随年龄增加而逐渐增加,衰老与2型糖尿病发病的易感性增加密切相关。衰老致胰岛β细胞凋亡及胰岛素抵抗增加是2型糖尿病发病的主要机制,胰岛素信号通路在上述两个环节中发挥重要作用。近十年来,衰老致2型糖尿病发病易感性增加的分子机制研究有新进展。研究证实沉默调节蛋白(Sirtuins)活性降低,以及促炎性因子、氧化应激反应和细胞周期中的一些分子可致2型糖尿病发病易感性增加。本综述以期有助于研究有效防治2型糖尿病新的潜在干预靶点。

The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes increase progressively with age. Increased susceptibility of type 2 diabetes is closely related to aging. Pancreatic β cell apoptosis and increased insulin resistance resulted from aging are the main mechanisms of pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In the past decades, there were new research advances in the molecular mechanisms of the increased susceptibility of type 2 diabetes resulted from aging. It has been confirmed that decreased activity of sirtuins (Sirts), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and some of the molecules in oxidative stress and cell cycle can lead to increased susceptibility of type 2 diabetes. This review was expected to be helpful for the study of new potential targets for the effective prevention and treatment in type 2 diabetes.