黑龙江省不同农业生态区大豆平衡施肥效果研究

Study on the Effect of Balanced Fertilization of Soybean in Different Agricultural Ecological Regions of Heilongjang Province

在明确黑龙江省大豆主产区土壤养分限制因子和农民施肥信息的基础上,根据李比希最小养分率原理设计施肥最佳处理(optimal treatment,OPT),在OPT基础上设计减素处理,进行多年、多点田间小区试验。结果表明:大豆平衡施肥经济效益显著。与OPT相比,不施氮肥、磷肥和钾肥,大豆分别减产14.9%、14.7%和18.2%;不施硫肥、硼肥和锌肥分别减产6.7%、8.2%和6.5%。OPT处理大豆氮肥、磷肥和钾肥养分回收率分别平均为39.6%、24.6%和41.8%;农学效率分别平均为8.86,5.48和6.82 kg·kg-1;氮、磷、钾的表观平衡系数分别平均为0.26,1.26,0.90。黑龙江省大豆养分高效管理运筹策略是东部三江平原农业生态区重点补充磷肥和硼肥,北部高寒农业生态区重点补充钾肥,中西部干旱、半干旱农业生态区重点补充硫肥、锌肥和硼肥。

Based on the clear soil nutrient limiting factors and the information of farmers＇ fertilization in the major soybean production areas of Heilongjiang province,and according to Liebig＇s principle of minimum nutrient rate,the optimal treatment（ OPT） and nutrient omission treatments were designed in the field experiments. The experimental results showed that the effect of balanced fertilization on economic benefits of soybean was significant. Without the application of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,sulfur,boron and zinc fertilizers,the soybean yield decreased by 14. 9%,14. 7%,18. 2%,6. 7%,8. 2%and 6. 5%,respectively,compared with OPT. For OPT,the fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 39. 6%,24. 6% and 41. 8% on average,respectively,the agronomic fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 8. 86,5. 48 and 6. 82 kg·kg- 1on average,respectively. For OPT,the apparent equilibrium coefficient of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 0. 26,1. 26 and 0. 90 on average,respectively. Efficient nutrient management strategy of soybean in eastern of Heilongjiang province,Sanjiang plain agricultural ecological sections,focuses on supplement phosphorus and boron fertilizer,emphasis on potash in northern,cold agricultural ecological sections,applying sulphur,zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the arid and semiarid agriculture.