社会组织参与社会治理:理论、问题与政策选择

NPO Participation in Social Governance:Theory,Challenges and Policy Choice

现代社会治理,强调多元参与、理性协商、建设性解决社会问题,是一个不断建构和积累友好、尊重、包容、信任等积极元素的过程。社会组织参与社会治理,既是社会治理的题中之义,也是政社合作的内在要求,它通过发挥动员社会资源、提供社会服务、参与社会事务管理等作用,不断提升社会整体的参与性、自主性和创新力,为不断发展的社会提供个性化、人性化和多元化的公益产品与服务。伴随全国各地社会治理创新实践,社会组织日益成为社会治理的主体力量,但也在政府、社会组织、合作机制等层面存在着政府职能转变不到位,社会组织支持、监管体系不健全,社会组织专业化职业化低、公信力不足、自治性弱、政府依赖性强、筹资渠道单一,政府与社会组织、社会组织与企业、社会组织与社会组织之间缺乏有效合作机制等诸多问题,需要从政府、社会组织及合作机制三个层面入手,进一步加强顶层设计、推进政社分开、完善社会组织支持、监管体系,不断提升社会组织专业化职业化程度、组织自主性和多渠道动员资源能力,以及加快构建政府、社会组织、企业、媒体、公众等多元主体协作平台与共治机制。

Modern social governance is a process of constructing positive elements such as amity,respect,integration and trust by tackling social problems constructively with emphasis on multi-participation and rational negotiation.The participation of social organization（NPO）in social governance is not only reasonable,but also the inherent requirement for the cooperation between government and society.Social organizations can improve the participation,the autonomy and creativity of society as a whole and provide the society with individualized,humanized and diversified public products and services by mobilizing social resources,delivering social services and participating in the management of social affairs.With the on-going innovative practice of social governance,social organization is increasingly becoming the principal part in such practice.However,it faces several problems at the government,the social organization and the cooperation mechanism levels such as incomplete transformation of government functions,inadequate social support,unsound regulatory system,low level of professionalization,lack of credibility,weak autonomy,strong dependence on government,single channel of financing,lack of effective cooperation mechanism between government and social organizations,social organizations and enterprises and that within social organizations.In order to solve the above-mentioned problems,it is necessary to start with the government,social organization and cooperation mechanism levels and strengthen the top-level design,promote the separation of government functions from enterprise management,and improve the social support and regulatory system so as to gradually improve the professionalization and independence of social organization and its ability to mobilize social resources through various channels.Besides,we need to build a collaboration platform and work mechanism among government,social organizations,enterprises,media,and the public and other stakeholders.