张载“太虚”的价值向度与品性

On the Value Orientation and Character of Zhang Zai's 'Taixu'

张载基于"太虚"的哲学基点不仅建构了系统而缜密的价值哲学体系,而且在前贤思想的基础上提出了诸多创见,尤其是他建构的以"太虚"为基点的价值哲学更是深刻地影响了后世的诸多学者。在"太虚至善"的价值理念的指引下,张载提出了天地之性、气质之性,并试图通过变化气质来消弭二者间的张力,从而创建出"人"作为道德主体的"善反"之路与复归之路。正是在"人"趋近于"天"、趋近于"太虚"的价值理路中,"人"的价值与"太虚"的价值得以完美地融合与呈现并在融合中实现价值超越;同时,个人在现实世界与价值世界中找到自己的位置,从而实现"天人合一"的价值理想与"民胞物与"的现实关切。

ZHANG Zai,by taking departure from the notion of‘Taixu＇（the great void of the universe）,not only constructed a systematic and meticulous value system,but also put forward many innovative ideas based on his forerunners.In fact,his value philosophy on‘Taixu＇has profoundly influenced many later scholars.Under the guidance of the value concept of‘perfection via Taixu＇,ZHANG accounted for the nature of the heaven and the earth and temperament,and tried to change temperament and to eliminate the tension between the nature of the heaven and earth and that of the temperament,and to create a road towards‘perfection＇for‘the individuals＇ as a moral subject.There is a perfect fusion of the values of‘the individual＇and‘Taixu＇,a way that is able to realize the transcendence of value.At the same time,‘the individual＇can find his own position in the real world and in the value world,to realize the value ideal of＂the unity of the heaven and the human＂,and the reality concern of＂regarding the people as brethren and all creatures as the same kind＂.