朱熹《四书集注》语言诠释方法论的建构与运用

Construction & Application of the Language Interpretation Methodology on Sishu Jizhu(四书集注)of Zhu Xi

与300年来一些学者的估计不足相反,朱熹确实建构起了新的《四书》语言诠释方法论,成为其《四书》诠释方法论的重要组成部分。而且,他在创立语言诠释方法论时,既有对语言诠释的根本性即"义理从文字中迸出"、指向性即"正欲以语道"等理论性问题的探讨,又有对语言诠释的详密有序法即"循序而渐进焉"、立足语境法即"各随本文意看"、循环反复法即"终而复始,通贯浃洽"等具体性方法的建构,并努力使这两方面融合成为语言诠释方法论的整体,以应用于《四书》诠释的实际,获得了《四书》诠释史上开创性成果,同时也推动了中国古典诠释学的发展。

In the three hundred years, the scholars always ignored the Language Interpretation Methodology suggested by Zhu Xi or underestimated its achievement. Actually, Zhu Xi indeed constructed the new Language Interpretation Methodology about Sishu, which became the important component of interpretation methodology on Sishu presented by him. Furthermore, when he created the Language Interpretation Methodology, he not only discussed the theory questions about the fundamentality and directivity of the interpretation of language, but also constructed the concrete method of language interpretation,such as the method of interpretation in order, the method of being established in context, the method of repetition and circulation. He tried to mix both sides, in order to apply to the practical interpretation of Sishu and gained the groundbreaking achievement in the history of the interpretation on Sishu, furthermore, promoted the development of the classical hermeneutics in China.