植物醛脱氢酶在逆境胁迫中的研究进展

Research Progress on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Under Adversity Stresses

干旱、盐和病虫害等逆境胁迫已成为制约植物生长和作物产量的主要因素。植物在生长过程中进化出从形态到生理的一系列机制以缓解胁迫对自身的损害。逆境胁迫下醛类物质的富集会产生一系列的过氧化链式反应,危害细胞膜系统正常生理功能。过量的醛也会与蛋白质和核酸反应,破坏蛋白质和核酸的正常结构和功能,甚至直接导致植物死亡。植物体内醛脱氢酶基因(Aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH)在胁迫诱导条件下表达水平增加,大量累积的醛脱氢酶蛋白(ALDHs)将醛物质氧化成相应的羧酸,减少脂类物质的过氧化,参与到植物对生物及非生物的胁迫以及植物的发育调节。从ALDH的分类、功能及作用途径展开详细论述。

Adversity stresses such as drought, salinity and pest etc. have become the main factors restraining plant growth and crop productivity. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms from morphology to physiology for alleviating stress-causing damages. Accumulated aldehydes may generate peroxidation chain reaction and then damage normal physiological function of cell membrane system. Excessive aldehydes may also react with proteins and nucleic acids and destroy their normal structures and functions, even directly cause the plant death. The expression of the plant aldehyde dehydrogenase gene（ALDH）can be increased by stress induction, and a large number of accumulated aldehyde dehydrogenase proteins（ALDHs）oxidize aldehydes into corresponding carboxylic acids, therefore this reduces the peroxidation of lipid, and involves in stress adaptation on biotic and abiotic environments and plant developmental regulation. This review will summarize the classification, function and pathway of plant ALDHs in detail.