广西急性中毒防控救援现状和对策研究

Preventive-control and rescue plan for acute poisoning in Guangxi

目的探讨广西急性中毒防控救援现状和对策。方法本研究通过对广西地区11个市的63家市、县、乡医院的急性中毒资料进行调查,在新理念的指导下,对资料进行系统性分析。结果广西中毒人群以就业人群中毒发病4 138例(68.84%);中毒地点以在家中中毒最多,4 774例(79.54%);中毒途径中,经口中毒4 261例(70.92%),农药类毒物中毒2 547例(42.41%),化学类毒物中毒1 064例(17.72%),医药类毒物中毒948例(15.79%)。在农村,自杀性中毒1 436例(39.07%),意外性中毒1 149例(31.27%)。城镇中,意外性中毒1 124例(52.23%),误食性中毒450例(20.91%)。散发性中毒5 369例(89.33%),群发性中毒641例(10.67%)。在6 011例中毒者中,市医院2 113例(35.15%),县医院3 340例(55.57%),乡医院558例(9.28%)。结论根据急性中毒六方面的特点,提出广西急性中毒防控救援方案的"防救管三合一"理念,提高广西急性中毒救援能力。

Objective To discuss the preventive control and rescue plan for acute poisoning in Guangxi. Methods Data of cases with acute poisoning were collected from 63 hospitals in 11 cities in recent five years in Guangxi, and were analyzed systematically. Results Majority of acute poisoning cases （68.84%） were em- ployed individuals and poisoning usually happened at home （79.54 %） by mouth （70.92 % ） and were poisoned by pesticides （42.41%）, chemicals （17. 72%） and pharmaceutical substances （15.79%） . In rural areas, suicidal and accidental poisoning cases accounted for 39.07% and 31.27%, while in urban areas, 52.33% were accidental poisoning cases and 20.91% were food poisoning. There was high percentage （89.33 %） of sporadic poisoning cases. Out of total 6 011 poisoning cases, more than half （55.57 %） were from county hospitals fol- lowed by 35.15% from urban hospitals, only 9.28% were from town hospitals. Conclusions Acute poison- ing is still common in Guangxi, especially among employed individuals who are usually poisoned by pesticides. A comprehensive plan of combining aeute-poisoning prevention and control, rescue and management in Guangxi is critical to prevent and monitor acute poisoning.