西安地区成人贫血状况调查分析

Investigation of Anemia among Adults in Xi＇ an Area

目的通过对西安地区居民贫血状况的调查，了解该地区贫血的流行情况，以便有针对性的采取预防措施，提高居民的健康水平。方法选择2014年2月-5月参加中国健康人群参考区间建立的西安市10个社区20-80岁成人作为调查对象，采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，在知情同意的原则下，随机抽取620人对其进行问卷调查，体检并采血，分别进行血液常规、血清铁蛋白、叶酸及维生素B12的检测。结果①西安地区成人总贫血患病率为8．5％，男性和女性贫血患病率分别为3．3％和12％，差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=12．3，Pd0．05）。②同一年龄组不同性别比较，女性20-39，40-59岁年龄组患病率显著高于男性（χ^2=14．5，13．3，P〈0．05）；同一性别不同年龄组比较，各年龄组差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．8，3．9，P〉0．05），女性贫血患病率20-39年龄组最高，男性≥60最高。③西安地区成人贫血类型主要为小细胞低色素性贫血，其构成比显著高于其他贫血类型（χ^2=30．1，P〈0．05），占贫血总数的47．2％。④贫血人群中，贫血女性血清铁蛋白水平显著低于正常女性及贫血男性人群（F=65．1，P〈0．05），而血清叶酸和维生素B12水平各组差异并无统计学意义（F=33．9，8．8，P〉0．05）。结论西安地区成人贫血患病率总体较低；20-39岁女性和≥60岁男性为贫血的高发人群；该地区贫血类型主要为小细胞低色素性贫血。

Objective Through this investigation to know about the epidemiology of anemia among adults in Xi＇ an area, take measures to control this disease and improve the healthy of people. Methods 620 people in 20-80 years old in ten commu- nity of Xi＇an who involved in the establishment of reference intervaI for healthy Chinese people during 2014.02 and 2014.05 were selected as research subjects by way of multi-stage duster random sampling method. All people in this investigation must pass through questionnaire and physical examination. Blood specimen were collected. The whole blood were detected and blood serumferritin,folic acid,vitaminB12 were analyzed. Results ①The total prevalence of anemia in this area of Xi＇an was 8.5%. The prevalence rate of female （12%） was higher significantly than male （3.3%）（χ^2 =12.3,P〈0.05）. ②Compared to the male in the same age,the prevalence rates of female in 20-39 and 40-59 were both higher significantly than male （χ^2=14.5,13.3,P〈0.05） and the prevalence rate of female and male had no differences among age groups in the same gender （χ^2=1.8,3.9,P〈0.05） and the highest prevalence rate of male and female were found in ≥60 and 20-39 respectively. ③The mail type of anemia among adults in the area of Xi＇an was small cell and low pigments （47.2%） and the constituent ratio of this type was higher than other types of anemia （χ^2=30.1,P〈0.05）. @Compared to the healthy controis and males in anemia, the serum level of ferritin in female was lower significantly （F= 65.1, P〈0.05）, but the serum level of folic acid and vitaminB12 had no statistical difference between groups （F = 33.9, F = 8.8, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among adults in the area ofXi, an appeared as average level and the type of anemia was really small cell and low pigments. The highest prevalence rate of anemia in female and male were respectively gathered in 20-39 and 60.