天津地区糖尿病患病率及相关危险因素分析

Analysis on prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Tianjin

目的分析天津地区糖尿病患病现状及相关危险因素,为制定相关预防控制对策提供依据。方法根据2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测抽样方案,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,分别从天津地区3个监测点随机各抽取6个居委会（或村委会）,再从各居委会（或村委会）抽取1 617户家庭,共4 028人参与监测。对2 397例18岁及以上受检者进行血糖检测。监测内容由询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查4部分组成。应用多因素logistic回归分析糖尿病相关危险因素。结果天津市居民糖尿病患病率为17.0%,标化患病率为12.0%。空腹血糖受损检出病率为5.5%,糖耐量异常检出病率为4.7%,糖尿病知晓率和控制率分别为63.5%和29.6%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄增大（OR=3.816,95%CI：2.160~6.739）,糖尿病家族史（OR=2.526,95%CI：1.958~3.258）、肥胖（OR=1.713,95%CI：1.086~2.703）、中心型肥胖（OR=2.019,95%CI：1.454~2.804）、总胆固醇升高（OR=1.594,95%CI：1.118~2.274）、甘油三酯升高（OR=1.778,95%CI：1.240~2.551）、高血压（OR=2.135,95%CI：1.631~2.794）、睡眠不足（OR=1.363,95%CI：1.011~1.837）、久坐（OR=1.329,95%CI：1.023~1.726）均为糖尿病的危险因素。结论天津市糖尿病患病率较高,应加强天津市成人行为干预,特别要加大城郊人群的行为干预,改变不良生活方式,预防控制糖尿病的发生和发展。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of diabetes and relative risk factors in Tianjin and to provide the basis for making strategies on preventing and controlling diabetes. Methods According to the scheme of National Nutrition and Health Survey from 2010 to 2012, the cluster randmnized sampling method was used to select 6 neighborhood committees from each surveillance region in Tianjin, I 617 families （4 028 residents） took part in the survey, the blood glucose levels of 2 397 residents （/〉 18 years old） were measured. This survey included face-to-face questionnaire interview, medical examination, laboratory tests and diet investigation. After the survey, the data was collected and used to analyze the risk factors related to diabetes with logistic regression models. Results The morbidity of diabetes in Tianjin was 17,0%, and the standardized morbidity was 12.0%.The prevalence rate of IFG and IGT was 5.5% and 4.7%, respectively, while the awareness rate and control rate was 63.5% and 29.6%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=3.816, 95%CI： 2.160-6.739）, family history （OR=2.526, 95%CI： 1.958-3.258）, obesity （OR=1.713, 95%CI： 1.086-2.703）, central obesity （OR=2.019, 95%C1： 1.454-2.804）, higher TC （OR= 1.594, 95%CI： 1.118-2.274） and higher TG （OR=1.778, 95%CI： 1.240-2.551 ）, hypertension （OR=2.135, 95%CI： 1.631-2.794）, lack of sleep （OR=1.363, 95%CI： 1.011-1.837） and sedentary lifestyle （OR=1.329, 95%CI： 1.023-1.726） were all risk factors of diabetes. Conclusion The morbidity of diabetes in Tianjin city is high. There are strong connections between behavior factors and diabetes. We should improve the lifestyle in order to prevent and control diabetes.