岩溶山区不同地貌形态的土地利用变化比较分析

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Land Use Changes Based on the Topography

【目的】为促进岩溶山区土地资源的优化配置和可持续利用。【方法】基于麻江县1992年和2012年土地利用数据,利用ArcGIS软件,比较分析了低山丘陵、中山峡谷、岩溶槽谷3种地貌形态的土地利用变化特征。【结果】1各地貌类型区的耕地、林地、草地、建设用地数量变化较大,而水域和未利用地变化较小,其中以低山丘陵的林地、草地和建设用地与中山峡谷的耕地数量变动最为突出;2低山丘陵以林地与草地的相互转化及耕地转为建设用地为主,中山峡谷以耕地、林地、草地的相互转化为主,岩溶槽谷以耕地和林地的相互转化为主;3耕地、林地和草地之间的相互转化多分布在各地貌区坡度较大地带,耕地转为建设用地多分布在地势低缓处。【结论】岩溶山区复杂的地貌形态特征对土地利用变化影响突出,而退耕还林还草政策和城镇化发展是其重要驱动力。

【Objective】This article aimed to promote the optimal allocation and sustainable utilization of land resources in karst mountainous areas with complex topography.【Method】Based on the database of land use in Majiang county in 1992 and 2012,the characteristics of land use changes of three kinds of landform types（low-mountain and hilly,mid-mountain gorge,karst ridgetrough）were analyzed and compared by the by using of ArcGIS software.【Results】1 The cultivated land,forest land,grassland and construction land in different landform types changed greatly,while the changes of water area and unused land changed slightly;the quantitative changes of the forest land,grassland and construction land in low-mountain and hilly and cultivated land in mid-mountain gorge were the most remarkable.2 The reciprocal transformations of the forestland and grassland,and the transformation from cultivated land to construction land in low-mountain and hilly were dominant;the reciprocal transformations of the cultivated land,forestland and grassland in mid-mountain gorge were dominative;The reciprocal transformations of the cultivated land and forestland in karst ridge-trough were dominant.3 The reciprocal transformations of the cultivated land,forestland and grassland were distributed most in a great slope terrain;the transformation from cultivated land to construction land was distributed most in the relatively small slope areas.【Conclusion】Complex morphology characteristics of karst mountain areas plays an prominent influence on land use change.The policy of replacing agriculture with forestation and the urbanization development are important drivers.