何以知其然也——上帝视角与相对主义

How Could I Know It Is What I Thought?:The God's View and Relativism

文学创作有两种视角,全知视角和第一人称视角,前者是绝对的,后者是相对的。两者可以分别对应认识论的绝对主义与相对主义。从相对主义的立场看,绝对主义所宣称的客观规律不过是诸多阐释方案中的一种。相对主义不需要为自身辩护,只需要论证绝对主义的基本假设不成立即可。相对主义可以悬置本体论问题,从认识论的角度提出质疑。即使存在一种绝对的唯一的规律(阐释方案),问题在于,它是如何被人类所认知的?这要求预设一种全知全能的认知主体。只要否定这种特殊认知主体的存在,承认每一个个人和人群,都只有相对的认知能力,则相对主义就是一种自然的结论。

There are two perspectives for creating a fiction, the omniscient view and the first person＇s view, the former one is the absolute view, while the latter is a relative view. Viewing from epistemology, the former is of absolutism, and the latter is of relativism. From the standpoint of the relativism, the objective principle claimed by absolutism is no more than one of the various explanations. Relativism does not need to defend for itself, but only to disprove the basic presumption of absolutism. An arguing strategy by relativism is to suspend the ontological issues and to question the starting point of the epistemology： if the absolutely one law （explanatory plan） does exist, how could it be known by the human？ A presumption of an omniscient epistemological subjectivity is necessary for absolutism. Therefore, disproving the special epistemological subjectivity and acknowledging that every individual and every group of people only have relative ability of recognition, relativism would be a consequent result.