收入分配演进、比较优势逆转与出口产品技术升级--基于中国1995～2013年数据的实证分析

Income Distribution, Competitive Advantage Reversion and the Technology Upgrading of Export Products： An Empirical Analysis Based on China＇s 1995-2013 Data

文章基于发达国家和欠发达国家之间两种要素和两种产品的贸易模型对收入分配、比较优势与国际分工之间影响机制的理论分析发现，以非技术工人相对于技术工人的工资上涨为特征的收入分配演变使欠发达国家在劳动密集型产品的比较优势逐渐丧失，但也为其逆转传统的比较优势提供了契机。而基于中国1995～2013年数据的实证分析显示，非技术工人的工资相对于技术工人的工资上涨是促进出口产品技术升级的重要引擎。在当前提高人力资本积累和加大研发投入强度对出口产品技术升级作用式微的背景下．顺应非技术工人工资相对技术工人工资差距缩小的趋势，增加企业的成本压力，是激发企业提高出口产品技术水平的内在驱动力。

Based on the theory of trade between developed countries and less-developed countries, the paper analyzes the mechanism of income distribution, comparative advantage and international division of labor, and finds that the comparative advantage in labor- intensive products of less developed countries will be gradually lost with the rising wages of unskilled workers relative to skilled workers, while the traditional comparative advantage is also reversing with the evolution of income distribution. According to the empirical analysis based on the time-series data from 1995 to 2013 in China, the wages of unskilled workers relative to skilled workers are an important engine for the technology upgrading of export products. Under the background of the decline effect of human capital accumulation and R＆D intensity on the technology upgrading of export products, by increasing the cost pressure of enterprises, the income distribution evolution of unskilled workers relative to skilled workers is the internal driving force for the technology upgrading of export products.