海南省2005—2014年大劣按蚊和微小按蚊的监测结果

Analysis of the surveillance data about malaria vector in Hainan from 2005 to 2014

目的了解海南省疟疾流行区主要传疟媒介大劣按蚊和微小按蚊的种群密度和季节消长的发展变化趋势与疟疾发病的关系。方法在海南省疟疾高度流行区选择山林区五指山市毛阳镇194山寮和琼中县和平镇贝湾村作为大劣按蚊监测点,丘陵区昌江县石碌镇牙营村作为微小按蚊监测点,对2种主要传疟媒介进行终年长期监测。大劣按蚊监测采用每月3次,每旬1次,每次从晚上8点至12点,由2～4人裸腿坐在屋檐下诱捕大劣按蚊,记录捕获的大劣按蚊数;微小按蚊监测采用每月3次,每旬1次,在傍晚落日时,在牛帐内拴一头水牛诱蚊,然后从晚上8点至12点,每小时由两人在牛帐内搜捕按蚊15min,第二天将捕获的按蚊进行分类鉴定,记录微小按蚊数。然后分别计算2种按蚊的种群密度,并结合当地疟疾发病资料进行统计分析。结果 194山寮监测点10年中大劣按蚊年密度最高为1.17只/夜,最低为0.33只/夜,维持一定的密度;贝湾村监测点10年中大劣按蚊年密度最高为1.67只/夜,最低为0.03只/夜,密度有逐年下降的趋势,已难捕到大劣按蚊;牙营村监测点10年中微小按蚊年密度最高为5.56只/夜·帐,最低为0.75只/夜·帐,维持在较稳定的水平。毛阳镇、和平镇和石碌镇疟疾发病分别从2009年、2010年和2005年起已没有当地感染病例出现。结论海南省高疟区主要传疟媒介大按蚊和微小按蚊的种群数量已有较大幅度减少,且密度有逐渐降低的趋势,但也存在种群密度维持在较稳定水平的地区,疟疾发病为有媒介而无病人状态,疟疾已得到有效控制。

Objective To investigate the population density of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles mininus,and to identifythe relationship between the seasonal fluctuation of malaria vectors and the malaria morbidity in Hainan province. Methods The 194 temporary dormitory in Maoyang town of Wuzhishan city and Beiwan village in Heping town of Qiongzhong countywere chosen as the surveillance spots for Anopheles dirus monitoring,Yaying village in Shilu town of Changjiang county waschosen as the spot for Anopheles mininus monitoring. Long-term monitoring of the two malaria vector was performed. Themonitoring of Anopheles dirus was performed from 20：00 to 24：00 at night,3 times per month,and the same as Anophelesmininus. The population density were calculated for statistical analysis combined with the incidence data of malaria.Results The highest density of Anopheles dirus in the No. 197 temporary dormitory spot was 1.17/night,and the lowest was0.33/night;The highest density of Anopheles dirus in Beiwan village was 1.67/night,and the lowest was 0.03/night;The highestdensity of Anopheles mininus in Yaying village was 5.56/night,and the lowest was 0.75/night;No new malaria cases wereobserved in Maoyang town since 2009,Heping town since 2010 and Shilu town since 2005,respectively. Conclusion Thequantity of major malaria vectors in Hainan province was sharply reduced,however,in some area the density still maintained ata stable level. Even though the existence of malaria vectors,no malaria patient was observed,revealing that the disease wasunder effective control.