1995-2014年德令哈市鼠疫流行病学分析

Epidemiology analysis of plague in Delingha of Qinghai province during 1995-2014

目的探讨德令哈市1995-2014年鼠疫流行势态,为制定预防控制对策提供依据。方法应用Excel软件分析1995-2014年青海省地方病预防控制所人间鼠疫病例数据库、鼠疫监测和鼠疫疫源地调查资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 1995-2014年德令哈市从各种染疫动物及媒介昆虫体内分离鼠疫菌50株,以喜马拉雅旱獭为主,占36.0%（18/50）;其次为斧形盖蚤,占30.0%（15/50）。1996年从藏系绵羊体内分离到1株鼠疫菌。动物鼠疫的流行季节为每年的6~9月,高峰期为9月。20年间人间鼠疫疫情除1995年发生一起传入性人间鼠疫外,其余年份均未发生人间鼠疫。结论虽然德令哈市鼠疫疫情看似平稳,但仍处于活跃势态,鼠疫疫情仍然严峻,防治工作不容忽视。

Objective To analyze the plague epidemical trend from 1995 to 2014 in Delingha of Qinghai province to provide basis for making the prevention and control measures. Methods Excel software was used to analyze the database of human plague cases and the surveillance and survey data in Qinghai province from 1995 to 2014,all data analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results 50 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from the infected animals and insects in Delingha of Qinghai province from 1995 to 2014. The Yersinia pestis was mainly isolated from Himalayan Marmot,accounted for 36. 0%（ 18 /50）,the second was callopsylla dolabris,accounted for 30. 0%（ 15 /50）. A strain of Yersinia pestis was isolated from a tibetan sheep in 1996. The animal plague were distributed mainly in the period from June to September,especially in September. Except one case of human plague introduced in 1995, the rest of 19 year was not human plague. Conclusions Although the plague epidemic situation in Delingha of Qinghai province appears to be stable,but still in the active situation,the plague epidemic situation is still severe,the plague prevention and control work shoud not to be ignored.