寒区部队冷伤害流行病学调查及防治策略

Epidemiological investigation and prevention strategies of cold damage in cold area troops

目的调查寒区部队冷伤害情况,了解现状并制定预防策略。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取东北寒区北极、东北极和东极536名士兵为研究对象,采用现场询问及调查问卷方式进行调查。结果本组536例研究对象中,40.7%(218/536)士兵存在不同程度的冷伤害。手部(43.6%)和足部(14.2%)最易受累。在饮食习惯分析中,喜欢素食(34.7%)和奶制品(34.5%)者,其冷伤害发生率较喜欢肉食者(43.1%)低。有药物过敏史者其冷伤害发生率(64.1%)远高于无药物过敏史者(38.8%)。应用防寒药的士兵,其冷伤害发生率(30.1%)远低于未采取任何预防措施者(72.4%)。结论东北寒区边防士兵冷伤害发生率较高,应引起足够重视,建立防治结合、以防为主的策略,为寒区部队建立一套完整的、行之有效的卫勤保障装备和防治技术规范,提高寒区部队战斗力。

Objective To investigate the condition of cold damage in cold area troops, and to understand the status quo and draft prevention strategies. Methods The cluster sampling method was used to extract the 536 soldiers who were from the arctic, northeast and the east. On-site interviews and questionnaire survey were carried out. Results The results showed that the incidence of cold damage 40.7% （218/536） was observed in the 536 cases soldiers. Hand（43.6% ） and foot（ 14.2% ） were the most likely to be affected. In the analysis of diet, the incidence of cold damage was lower than those of the meat （43. 1% ） and milk products （34.5%）. The incidence of cold damage in the history of drug allergy（64.1% ） was much higher than that of nondrug allergy （38.8%）. The incidence of cold damage of the soldiers used to cold medicine and cold damage （30.1% ） is far lower than that without taking any preventive measures（72.4% ）. Conclusion Soldier cold injury incidence rate is high in cold region of northeast area. Cold damage should be paid enough attention and the prevention combining with control strategy should be established. A set of complete effective medical support equipment and technical specification in cold areas will be established and improve the combat effectiveness of the armed forces.