船舶海洋污损生物防治技术及装置研究进展

progress of marine Antifouling Solutions and Devices

海洋污损生物增加附着基体的摩擦阻力,甚至对基体的腐蚀产生影响。海洋污损生物的附着过程主要分为三个过程,同时在粘附界面存在多种粘结作用。材料学、防污涂层、电化学、电解技术、超声波和紫外照射等技术是目前海洋污损生物防治的主要方法;在石油平台常用物理除污装置进行防污,而电解防污装置则在船体、管道等的污损生物防治中广泛使用。对海洋环境无污染、防污时间长、防污效果明显、经济是海洋污损生物防治技术的一种趋势,装置设计简单、易于操作、能耗低则是防污装置的发展方向。

The adhesion of marine biofouling can significant increase the frictional drag （FD） of substrate surfaces, and lead to the substrate corrosion. In fouling adhesion, there are three processes and many adhesion attractions in interface. Materials Science, antifouling coating, electrochemistry, electrolysis, ultrasonic and ultraviolet irradiation are the main solution to control the marine biofouling. The physics antifouling devices are used in oil platform, and electrolysis antifouling devices are widely used in ship hull and pipes. Non-toxic, long duration, effective and economical are the target of antifouling solutions reaserach, simply design, handly and low energy are the direction of antifouling development.