促进大学生创新创业的国际经验借鉴

International Experiences in Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship for College Graduates

进入新世纪以来,中国大学生面临重重的就业压力,这迫使我们反思其背后的人口结构以及相关的社会问题。在激励大学生创新创业方面,很多国家的做法可资借鉴。鼓励大学生自主创业是各国的普遍做法,此外还包括设立就业辅导中心、发展职业教育、培育新的就业观、完善社会支持体系等举措。中国在过去30多年享受了教育程度较低的劳动力结构带来的劳动密集型产业发展的红利,今后几十年,可以通过提高受教育程度高的劳动力在整个劳动力市场中的比重,以智力因素促进经济发展,这是中国在新的发展阶段的必然选择。未来,中国需要进一步研究人口结构和产业结构等一揽子的就业发展战略,来开拓经济发展的新思路。

Since the entry into the new century the Chinese college students have faced many employment difficulties, which urges us to reflect on the structure of the population and the related social problems. China can learn from many countries in terms of supporting innovation and entrepreneurship for the college students. Encouraging college students to start up their own business is a common practice in all of the countries in the world. Besides, there are also other measures such as establishing employment guidance center, developing vocational education, fostering new employment concept, and improving the social support system. Over the past 30 years, China has benefited from the development of the labor-intensive industries due to the lowly educated labor forces. In the next few decades, China should improve the proportion of the highly educated workers in the labor market and promote economic development with intellectual resources, which is the only way for China at the new development stage. In the future, China needs to further research on the employment development strategy comprehensivel3~ including the population structure and the industrial structure, and develop new ideas of economic development.