旅游产业集聚背景下遗产区土地格局演变及机理——以龙门石窟为例

Mechanisms and Spatial Pattern Changes of Land Use of World Heritage Tourist Attractions in the Perspective of Tourism Agglomeration——A Case of Longmen Grottoes, Luoyang

综合运用土地利用指数模型、GIS空间分析等方法,对龙门石窟遗产旅游地1998—2014年土地利用格局演化及机理进行分析,结果表明:1旅游产业要素集聚带动遗产地用地面积和开发强度快速增加,农用及居民社会用地不断转化为游赏、商服、林草用地,呈现"一扩二减三增"的特征。2遗产旅游用地呈圈层式外扩,但各地类空间格局分异明显。3用地类型变化呈现典型的旅游导向,农用地非农化,生态功能强化,商务用地比例增加,文化观光型向综合度假型演变态势明显。4地理环境、城市发展、政府行为、资源禀赋等综合驱动导致了其用地格局的空间演化,并呈现"缓慢发展—快速扩张—转型升级"的阶段性演化。

The research of the Longmen Grottoes area has been carried out by employing the dynamic land use model, GIS spatial analysis, and other methods as well to study quantitative structures, time series, spatial changes and other factors from multi-dimensions. The changing law of the land use and spatial temporal characteristics are analyzed to reveal the inner mechanisms. （1） The results of the research indicate that continuous rapid expansion and increasing speed of the land area of Longmen Grottoes has made land use patters change enormously in the scenic forest and grass land, agricultural land, commercial land, residential land and the land for scenic area and recreational facilities. Spatial changes of Longrnen Grottoes shows an obvious differentiation at Longmen Grottoes, continuous agglomerations of tourism elements and various types of business. （2）The results indicate that visitor come to the site for leisure tour rather than sightseeing and the acceleration of the spatial expansion and eco-environment management and commercial service amenities. （3）The unique features of world heritage are crucial factors to exploit tourism resources and development of economy and agglomeration of the tourism industry influence the speed of land use, and the government policy and natural environment decide the trend and direction of land use patterns. However, the fast expansion of the land use has brought about such issues like the conversion of agricultural land, reduction of heritage theme, inefficient comprehensive development of land.