炼油装置在湿硫化氢环境中的腐蚀及选材

Corrosion and material selection for oil refinery equipment in wet H_2S environment

介绍了湿硫化氢腐蚀环境的定义及危害分级,分析了湿硫化氢各种腐蚀破坏类型并进行比较;同时探讨了湿硫化氢腐蚀开裂原理、类型间的联系与区别;基于湿硫化氢腐蚀原理,将其分为硫化物应力腐蚀开裂型(SSCC)和氢致开裂型(HIC),从腐蚀发生的条件、敏感度、发生部位及控制方法将两者进行对比;最后提出了金属材料在这两种湿硫化氢腐蚀类型下的选材要求,除化学成分严格控制外,对抗SSCC用钢关键要限制材料硬度,对抗HIC用钢关键要保证材料本身质量。

The definition of wet H2S corrosion environment and hazard rating are summarized. The corrosion damage types of wet H2S are analyzed and compared. The corrosion mechanisms of wet H2S corrosion, connection and distinction of damage types are discussed. Based on corrosion mechanims of wet H2S, the wet H2S corrosions are divided into two types, i.e. sulfide stress corrosion cracking （SSCC） and hydrogen induced cracking （HIC）. The two types of corrosions are compared in respect of corrosion conditions, sensitivity, occurring place and control method. The requirements of material selection for these two types of wet H2S corrosions are finally proposed. In addition to the strict control of chemical composition, the materials hardness should be limited strictly for anti-SSCC, and material quality should be guaranteed for anti-HIC.