糖尿病患者体力活动状况及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of physical activity in patients with diabetes mellitus

目的分析糖尿病患者体力活动状况及其影响因素。方法采用国际体力活动问卷、运动自我效能量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、领悟社会支持量表、中国城市社区居民步行环境量表、疼痛视觉模拟评分对天津市某专科医院糖尿病患者进行问卷调查，运用有序logit模型分析糖尿病患者体力活动的影响因素。结果糖尿病患者每天平均静坐时间为6．1h；41．2％糖尿病患者处于高体力活动水平，42．7％患者处于中体力活动水平，16．1％患者处于低体力活动水平；有序logit模型显示，领悟社会支持（β=0．029，OR=1．03，P=0．039，95％CI=0．001～0．057）、运动自我效能（β=0．014，OR=1．01，P=0．001，95％CI=0．005—0．023）、美化情况（β=-0．366，OR=0．69，P=0．008，95％CI=-0．635--0．096）是糖尿病患者体力活动的保护因素，抑郁（β=-0．093，OR=0．91，P=0．020，95％CI=-0．172--0．015）是体力活动的危险因素。结论糖尿病患者体力活动情况不甚理想，应采取措施提高糖尿病患者运动自我效能、领悟社会支持，改善患者抑郁情绪，加强环境美化，从而促进糖尿病患者进行规律体力活动。

Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of physical activity in patients with diabetes. Methods A survey was conducted in patients with diabetes from one hospital in Tianjin city using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Exercise Serf-efficacy Scale, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Chinese Walkable Environment Scale, Visual Analogue Scale. The cumulative logits model was used to explore the influencing factors of physical activity in diabetic patients. Results The average of sitting time for diabetic patients was 6.1 hours per day. 41.2% of patients with diabetes were at high level of physi- cal activity, 42.7% were at moderate level of physical activity, and 16.1% were at low level of physical activity. The cumulative logits model showed that perceived social support （ β= 0.029, OR= 1.03, P= 0.039,95% CI= 0.001- 0.057 ） , exercise self-efficacy （ β= 0.014, OR= 0. 01, P= 0.00 1, 95% CI= 0. 005-0.023 ）, and beautiful neighbor- hood surroundings（ β=-0.366, OR= 0.69, P= 0.008,95% CI=-0.635--0.096） were protective factors of physical activity, and depression （ β= -0.093, OR= 0.91, P= 0.020,95% CI= -0.172--0.015 ） was a risk factor of physical activity. Conclusion The physical activity status of diabetic patients are not ideal Measures should be taken to improve the exercise self-efficacy, perceived social support and environment of surroundings, to reduce the symp- toms of depression, so as to promote regular physical activities in patients with diabetes mellitus.