乳酸脱氢酶同工酶在肿瘤诊断中的临床意义

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and clinical significance in tumor diagnosis

癌细胞代谢最显著的特征是在有氧条件下,通过糖酵解获得能量。乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)是一类辅酶I(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide trihydrate,NAD)依赖的四聚体同工酶家族,共有6种家族成员。它们位于糖酵解途径的最后一步,主要催化乳酸和丙酮酸之间的相互转换,在癌细胞有氧糖酵解代谢途径中扮演关键角色。本文主要对LDH同工酶家族成员的特征、基因表达及其在肿瘤诊断中的临床意义进行阐述,以利于为肿瘤诊断和治疗研究提供新的思路。

From the point of metabolism, the most distinctive feature of cancer cells is that they preferentially draw energy through glycolysis, even under oxygen-sufficient conditions. Lactate dehydrogenases （LDHs） are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide trihydrate （NAD） dependent tetrameric isoenzymes including at least six classes. LDH catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to lactate at the final step of the glycolytic pathway and plays a crucial role in tumor maintenance. In this review, we summarize the properties of LDH isoenzymes and discuss their significances in tumor diagnosis, providing promising prospect for tumor diagnosis and therapy.