不同生长期丹参茎叶及花序中丹酚酸类化学成分的分布与积累动态分析评价

Distribution of salvianolic acids in aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza during different growing periods and accumulation dynamic analysis

目的对丹参地上茎叶、花序中7种丹酚酸类化学成分进行分析与评价,并探讨其在丹参植物生长过程中的动态积累规律,以期挖掘丹参地上部分的资源化利用价值与产业化开发前景。方法采用UPLC-TQ/MS联用技术,以Acquity UPLC BEH C18为色谱柱;乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.4 m L/min,柱温35℃,质谱采用正、负离子模式电离,多反应检测（MRM）方式,对7种丹参酚酸类化学成分进行分析与检测。结果丹参茎叶中含有丰富的水溶性丹酚酸类化学成分,但未检测到脂溶性的丹参酮类成分;不同生长期丹参茎叶中酚酸类化学成分的量差异较大,除丹酚酸A外,各酚酸类成分量均在7～8月积累量达到最高值,以后逐渐降低。丹参花序中的丹参酚酸类成分总量在花盛期达到峰值,其在达到花盛期前动态变化趋势不明显,但当花冠进入凋萎期时,丹酚酸类成分量急剧下降。结论丹参非传统药用部位茎叶及花序中含有丰富的水溶性丹酚酸类资源性化学成分,尤其是迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B量较高,生长茂盛期其酚酸类成分的总量明显高于丹参根及根茎中的量。因此,丹参茎叶、花序可作为获取丹酚酸类化学物质的重要原料资源。

Objective To study the dynamic changes of aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza during different growth periods based on the contents of seven kinds of salvianolic acids, and determine the value of aerial parts of S. miltiorrhiza. Methods UPLC-TQ/MS method was applied. The separation was performed on Acquity UPLC BEH C18（100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm）. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid by gradient elution. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.4 m L/min, and the column temperature was at 35 ℃. Results The stems and leaves of S. miltiorrhiza were rich in salvianolic acids, but tanshinones were not detected in them. The content of salvianolic acids in stems and leaves were the highest in July or August besides salvianolic acid A and gradually dropped off till the lowest in December. The content of salvianolic acids in flowers reached maximum during the full-bloom stage. The dynamic change trend is not obvious before full-bloom stage, and its content sharply dropped when flowers began to fade. Conclusion The aerial parts of S. miltiorrhiza were abundant in salvianolic acids, especially rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and the contents in luxuriant growth period were significantly higher than those in radix and rhizome of S. miltiorrhiza, which showed that the aerial parts were the important resources to obtain the salvianolic acids.