非保守场的宏观体现

MACRO VIEW OF A NON-CONSERVATIVE FIELD

非保守场具有很多独特的物理性质,最特殊的一点就是在其中做功与路径有关.而在生活中大多数场都是保守场(如重力场),要直观感知非保守场的做功与路径有关十分困难.文章利用非保守场做功与路径有关的原理设计了一个实验.以涡旋电场作为需要观察的非保守场,在其中放置一个线圈,对线圈上相同两点的电压差进行测量,发现测量工具分别置于线圈左右时,得到的电压正负相反.通过这个反常的实验,可以帮助学生更好地理解非保守场中做功与路径有关的性质.

Non-conservative field has many unique physical characteristics. The most special point is the path dependence, which means the choice of integration path between any two points does change the result. In our daily life, most of the fields are the conservative field （such as gravity field）, and it is very difficult to visualize the path dependence in the non-conservative field. Currently, using the principle of path dependence, we designed an experiment, in which we chose a vortex electric field as a non-conservative field, and placed a coil in the vortex electric field. And we found that when measuring instrument was placed at left and right of the coil, the results of voltage difference between the same two points on the coil were opposite in sign. This abnormal experiment can help students better understand the path de- pendence in non-conservative field.