八年制临床医学专业学生二级学科选择的动机与影响因素研究

Motivation and influencing factors of the choice of the secondary disciplines by eight-year clinical medical students

目的 了解八年制临床医学专业学生二级学科选择意向、动机及影响因素,为临床医学专业本科教育阶段医学生理性选择二级学科提供依据,为学校有效实施医学生职业精神教育提供参考.方法 自拟问卷对某医学院校八年制临床医学专业320名学生进行调查.结果 发放问卷320份,回收有效问卷308份,有效问卷回收率为96.3％.调查结果显示：①八年制临床医学专业学生最希望从事的二级学科为外科学（39.6％）和内科学（34.7％）;②八年制临床医学专业学生选择二级学科的最主要原因为兴趣爱好（76.6％）和发展前景（38.3％）;③个人、家庭及职业等多种因素对八年制临床医学专业学生二级学科选择都产生了不同程度的影响.其中,不同阶段、取得留院名额的难易程度和就业压力3个因素对其二级学科选择的影响均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且职业因素中多个因素在不同阶段之间的差异具有统计学意义.结论 ①八年制临床医学专业学生选择二级学科具有多种动机,以个人兴趣爱好及发展前景为主;②二级学科选择动机受个人、家庭、职业等多种因素的影响;③本科教育阶段的医学生更需要学校和社会提供职业精神教育与指导.

Objective To understand the intention, motivation and influencing factors of the choice of the secondary disciplines by eight-year clinical medical students, provide the theoratic basis for the rational choice of the secondary disciplines by undergraduate clinical students and provide references for the effective implementation of medical professional spirit education.Methods The eight-year clinical medical students in one medical college were surveyed with a self-made questionnaire.Results There were a total of 320 questionnaires released, of which 308 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.3%.The survey results showed that ：①The secondary disciplines most wanted by the eight-year clinical medical students to be engaged in were surgery （39.6%） and internal medicine （34.7%）.②The major reasons for eight-year clinical medical students to choose the secondary disciplines were their interests（76.6%）and development prospects（38.3%）.③A variety of factors including the individual, family and occupation had produced different effects on the choice of the secondary disciplines by eight-year clinical medical students.The influence of the three factors including different stages, the difficulty levels of getting a work position and employment pressure all had a statistical significance （P〈0.05） on the choice of the secondary disciplines.And multiple factors in occupation factors had significant differences between different stages.Conclusions ① Eight-year clinical medical students have a variety of motives to choose the secondary disciplines, mainly personal interests and development prospects.② The choice motivation of the secondary disciplines is influenced by a number of factors including the individual, family and occupation.③ Professional spirit education and guidance provided by colleges and society is in much more demand by students of the second stage.