精神病人刑事责任能力司法鉴定焦点问题探讨——以精神疾病司法鉴定人视角为出发点

The Focus in the Assessment of Criminal Responsibility of Mental Disorder Patients——From the Viewpoint of the Forensic Psychiatric Practitioner

精神疾病司法鉴定经常介入到社会上不时出现的热点案件的处置中,鉴定意见经常成为社会焦点。当前,对精神病人刑事责任能力评定的各种质疑意见较多,精神疾病司法鉴定存在被妖魔化的趋势。以精神疾病司法鉴定人为视角,从精神病人刑事责任能力评定的法理基础、精神疾病司法鉴定人的角色和功能定位、精神病人刑事责任能力评定标准演变以及无刑事责任能力精神病人处置四个焦点问题出发,分析中国精神病人刑事责任能力评定现状及存在问题,指出精神疾病司法鉴定人是拥有专门知识和技能的专家,在诉讼中处于中立地位,科学、客观、独立、公正地进行鉴定,负有保密的义务;当前社会对精神疾病司法鉴定存在诸多误解,相当部分的原因在于精神病人刑事责任能力评定的法理基础阐述不尽全面和对造成严重危害后果的无刑事责任能力精神病人处置缺陷;立法者或政策制定者应当应对此种社会舆情,并决定是否作出以及如何作出应对,而不应由精神疾病司法鉴定人面对此种困境。

Forensic psychiatry expertise is often involved in the management of the extreme violence in our society, and the expert opinion on the criminal responsibility of the suspicious or defendant often becomes the focus in the criminal procedure. However, at present, more and more people are losing their trust in forensic opinions, and sometimes forensic psychiatry is even regarded as pseudoscience. In this paper, as an forensic psychiatric practitioner, the author analyzes the problems among forensic psychiatric expertise in China from four perspectives： the legal basis of the assessment of criminal responsibility of mental disorder patients, the role and function of forensic practitioners, the assessment criteria and the treatment of mental disorder patients who are sentenced as Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity （NGRI）. In the author＇s opinion, the forensic practitioners are the academic experts appearing in the criminal procedure. They should hold the scientific, objective, independent and impartial attitude in the assessment and the procedure, and the obligation of maintaining confidentiality should be abided by. The misunderstanding of the appearance of forensic psychiatry during the criminal procedure partly resultes from the defects of legal basis interpretation of criminal responsibility assessment, as well as the unsatisfactory attitude toward the disposition of the NGRIs. The author suggests that it is the law-maker or policy-maker, instead of the forensic psychiatry practitioner, who should face and solve the misunderstanding or anger from the ordinary people in our society.