弥漫性轴索损伤诊断研究进展

Progress in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Axonal Injury

弥漫性轴索损伤(Diffuse Axonal Injury,DAI)是创伤性脑损伤一种最常见和最重要的病理特征,长期以来,DAI形成机制尚未完全阐明,各学科诊断标准不一,使得对于DAI的确诊尤其在其早期阶段非常困难。近年来,随着对DAI病理生理过程认识的加深以及影像学技术的迅猛发展,涌现出大量DAI诊断新技术。从早期的CT扫描和MRI扫描技术,到近期的DWI、DTI、SWI、β-APP免疫组织化学染色、生化指标、神经电生理检查和分子病理学技术,众多新技术的出现,使得DAI的较早期和早期诊断成为可能。为此,将通过对国内外诊断DAI的技术作一综述。

Diffuse axonal injury （DAI） is one of the most common and important pathologic features of traumatic brain injury. For a long time, the exact mechanism of DAI remained unknown and the diagnostic criteria varied in different subjects, which made the definitive diagnosis of DAI, especially in its early stage, difficult. In recent years, with a better understanding of pathophysiological processes in DAI and rapid development in imaging technology, a large number of new diagnostic technologies for DAI have emerged, from the early CT scan and MRI to the recent DWI, DTI, SWI, β-APP immunohistochemical staining, biochemical markers, electric-physiological examination and molecular pathology. These technologies make it possible to identify DAI in its early stage. This article reviewed some new diagnostic technologies for DAI.