我国肥料使用中存在的问题及对策

Key scientific problems on establishing green fertilizer ensurance system

从我国化肥用量、结构和肥料管理3个角度出发,阐述了化肥生产和使用的基本现状以及存在的问题.必须通过调整肥料养分和产品类型来均衡作物必需的营养元素;通过肥料产业发展规划和政策法规管理来实现肥料可持续发展;应当以提高肥料利用率为核心,实施"以质量替代数量"的发展战略.建议通过技术措施、管理法规和科技创新来建立适合中国国情的绿色肥料保障体系.围绕绿色肥料,提出了科技界在构建绿色肥料保障体系过程中,需要重视和解决的关键科学问题:研究植物矿质营养学说与有机营养学说的融合;深入探究新型肥料作用机理与新产品创制技术,采用新技术革新大宗基础化肥;加强"肥料-土壤-植物"之间养分转化规律科学问题的梳理;探讨有机肥开发新的技术途径;呼吁创立以科学家、农学家、工业专家、企业家、政府主管部门共同主导的"科学的中国肥料体系".

Basic situation and existing problems of chemical fertilizer production and utilization are expounded from the perspective of three aspects of chemical fertilizer dosage,structure and management. It is necessary to balance the essential nutrient elements by adjusting fertilizer nutrient and product type; to realize the sustainable development through fertilizer industrial development planning and policies regulations management,to implement the development strategy of ＂quality instead of quantity＂ by improving fertilizer efficiency. Establish a green fertilizer ensurance system adapted for Chinese practice through technical measures,management regulations and scientific technological innovation. Centered the green fertilizer,the key scientific issues need to be paid attention and solved in the process of establishing the green fertilizer ensurance system are put forward. The research on the integration of plant mineral nutrition theory and organic nutrition theory,and further explore on the mechanism of new fertilizer and new product development technology,new technology to innovate traditional basic fertilizer; to strengthen the research on the scientific problems of the transformation of ＂fertilizer,soil and plant＂,and explore the new technical ways of organic fertilizer,called for establishing the ＂scientific Chinese fertilizer system＂,which is led by scientists,agricultural experts,industry experts,entrepreneurs and government departments.