内蒙古哈民忙哈新石器时代遗址出土蚌制品研究

The Study on the Shell Artifacts Unearthed at the Hamin Mangha Site of the Neolithic Age in Inner Mongolia

软体动物作为一种在我国大范围分布的动物资源,用途十分广泛,包括食用、药用、工艺美术、饲料、肥料等[1]。在考古材料中,它的作用也体现在多个方面,如工具、工艺装饰、货币、建筑材料、象征性含义等[2]。蚌制品即由软体动物壳为材料制成的工具及装饰品等,其主要原料为瓣鳃纲动物的壳体。在新石器时代,蚌制品在许多遗址中均有发现。本文将运用动物考古学研究方法对哈民忙哈遗址20102012年考古发掘所得的软体动物壳[3]及蚌制品进行系统研究。

In the archaeological excavations of the Hamin Mangha Site of the Neolithic Age in 2010 to 2012, 21 shell artifacts have been unearthed scientifically, including knives, spoons, ornaments, chains, etc. Seen from these shell artifacts themselves, their makers -- the primitive residents of the Hamin Mangha Site -- have skillfully mastered the striking, grinding, sawing, scratching and rasping and boring techniques and applied them into the making of tools and ornaments. The shell artifacts of this site have three characteristics： first, the processing workflows of different types of shell artifacts were different; second, the processing workflows of different samples of the same type of shell product were different; third, the intentions of the selecting of the raw materials were clear and the shapes of the products were tending to be standardized. These discoveries are significantly meaningful for understanding the development of the handicrafts in this site and exploring the comprehensive feature of Hamin Mangha Culture.