摘要
在过去的30年里,成年大脑是一个处于静息状态的器官的传统观念已经发生了改变。越来越多的证据显示,成年大脑仍然保持着可塑性,在损伤后具有一定的再生能力。在损伤的大脑中,小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞可清除细胞碎片,同时在神经重塑过程中发挥重要作用。然而,这些细胞的活化也可以抑制中枢神经系统的修复和进一步加重组织损伤。在损伤的不同阶段,不同极化的小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞可能具有双重作用。这篇文章主要探讨极化的小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞在急性损伤后中枢神经系统的修复中的重要作用。本文也强调在针对神经炎症的治疗中,我们的治疗观点应该从广泛抑制小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞活性转变为对它们的表型转换采取适度的调节而使其达到平衡。对那些可控制小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞表型转换的关键因子的调控可以从根本上加速神经损伤或疾病后的神经再生及功能恢复。
Accumulating evidence indicates that microglia/macrophages are highly dynamic cells and assume different phenotypes after brain injuries or neurodegeneration. Distinct phenotypes of microglia/macrophages plays different roles in the processes of brain repair, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis and white matter repair. Specifically, the M2 microglia/macrophages have been shown to promote many brain repair responses, while the M1 cells may impair brain repair. Many extracellular factors and intracellular molecules have been suggested to be critical to regulate the microglia/macrophagesphenotype switch after brain injuries. Thorough understanding the function of different phenotypes and explore the mechanisms of phenotype change may provide novel therapeutic approaches to promote long-term recovery in neurological disorders.
出处
《生命科学仪器》
2015年第6期5-10,共6页
Life Science Instruments
