海南茄子田昆虫群落结构与时序动态

Seasonal dynamics and community structure of insects in eggplant field in Hainan

采用目测法和黄板诱集法,对海口茄子田整个生育期内昆虫群落进行了系统调查,并利用优势度指数、相对丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度和优势集中性指数,分析了其群落结构的季节性动态变化。结果表明,共发现昆虫9目24科66种。种类数以鞘翅目最多,个体数以同翅目最多。在捕食性天敌中,瓢虫的种类和数量最多;害虫以烟粉虱、棕榈蓟马和萝卜蚜为优势种。相对于害虫,天敌昆虫表现出明显的跟随现象,但自然状态下不能有效控制害虫的发生与为害。依据昆虫群落的组成和结构,结合茄子生育期,采用有序样本最优分割法将茄子田昆虫群落动态划分为5个阶段,不同阶段昆虫群落特点及相应的害虫防治策略也不相同,为茄子田害虫综合治理提供了理论基础。

Systematic investigation and analysis of major insect communities in eggplant fields in Haikou city of Hainan province were carried out according to eyesight and yellow sticky traps. The community structure dynamics was analyzed based on collected data on dominance index, relative richness, diversity index and evenness. The results indicated that there were 9 orders, 24 families, 66 species of insects. Insect species in Coleoptera and individual quantity of Homoptera were the largest. Ladybird beetles were the most abundant in species and quantity among the predators, dominant species were Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）, Thrips palmi Karny, Lipaphi serysimi Kaltenbach among insect pests. Natural enemies occurred after insect pests and could not show controlling effect in field. Based on component structure of insect commu-nities and eggplant developmental period, seasonal dynamics of insect communities in eggplant fields was divided into five periods using best division method of sequent samples, and the community characteristics and control strategies in differ-ent periods were given.