先秦“农与工肆之人”的职业理想——墨家科技伦理思想论略

Brief Theory of Mohist Ethics of Science and Technology

先秦诸子中唯墨子崇尚科技。墨家是以"农与工肆之人"为主体的思想家、实践家群体,墨者以"功利"论"技术",却未走向"功利技术主义"。墨家科技伦理思想是在生产劳动和技术实践中凝结而成的实践理性,其核心内容包括"崇尚理性,求真务实"的科学精神、"利于人谓之巧,不利于人谓之拙"的"技术功利论"以及"生死两利"的生态伦理精神。在当下国学复兴和崇尚科技的背景下,挖掘墨家科技伦理思想具有现实价值。

Among scholars in the pre-Qin period,did Mo-tse advocate science and technology alone.Mohist school is a group of thinkers and practitioners which regarded＂farmers and workers of the boss＂as the main body.They evaluated＂technology＂by ＂utility＂,but did not move towards＂utilitarian technologism＂.Mohist ethical thought of science and technology is the moral rationality coming from the production of labor and the practice of science and technology.It mainly includs：scientific spirits of＂advocating rational,being realistic and pragmatic＂,technological utilitarianism of ＂benefiting people is skillful,not benefiting people is clumsy＂and ecological ethical spirit of＂benefit both the living and the dead＂.These ideas are still advanced and practical today.