新战士运动应激时心理状态与心率和血压变化的关系

Heart rate and blood pressure responses in recruits with different mental state during exercise stress test

目的观测不同心理状态武警新战士运动应激时心率和血压的反应。方法采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)对新战士进行集体心理状态测试,选取总分>160分的40名战士纳入实验组(低心理素质组),另选取总分≤160分的40名战士作为对照组(高心理素质组)。采用GE-CASE活动平板运动测试系统,按照标准的Bruce方案测定两组战士在安静时、运动应激中每3 min和恢复阶段每1 min的心率和血压。结果实验组达到极量运动的人数少于对照组,且出现不良反应如头晕、胸闷增多。实验组基础心率高于对照组(80.0±9.8)次/min vs(69.2±9.2)次/min,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023),极量运动时舒张压异常增高(96.6±6.4)mm Hg vs(78.4±8.3)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),并伴有心率下降。恢复阶段,实验组心率恢复较慢。结论不同心理状态的新战士在运动应激时出现的心血管系统反应存在显著差异,低心理素质组的战士不良反应较高心理素质组的战士增多,可能与其机体内各种应激激素分泌失衡有关。

Objective To assess the heart rate（ HR） and blood pressure（ BP） response to exercise stress test in the recruits with different mental state. Methods The SCL-90 item Hopkins Symptom Checklist（ SCL-90） was used to assess the mental state of the recruits. 40 soldiers,whose score 160 points,were included in the study group,and another 40 soldiers with score 160 points were assigned to the control group. Both groups of participants were tested with the standard Bruce treadmill protocol from step 3,and the heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest,every minute during the exercise stress test and every minutes during recovery stage using standard laboratory procedures. Results The number of soldiers reached maximal exercise in study group was lower than that in the control group,accompanied by increased adverse reactions such as dizziness and chest distress. Compared with the control group,the study group had higher basal heart rate before test[（ 80. 0 ± 9. 8） beats / min vs（ 69. 2 ± 9. 2） beats / min,P = 0. 023],abnormally high diastolic blood pressure[（ 96. 6 ± 6. 4） mm Hg vs（ 78. 4 ± 8. 3） mm Hg,P = 0. 013]accompanied by decreased heart rate during maximal exercise,and slower heart rate recovery after exercise. Conclusions There are significant differences in the cardiovascular system response to exercise stress test in the recruits with different mental state. Increased adverse reactions are observed in low mental quality group of recruits,which may be related to secretion imbalance of stress hormones.