民法典合同编对拖欠中小企业债款行为的规制

Regulations on Default of SME Debts in Contract Law Book of Civil Code

近年来,中小企业被拖欠债款已经成为一个严重的社会问题,亟待解决。由于拖欠债款本质上涉及到双方间的合同法律关系,所以这一问题的根本解决离不开合同法上的手段。合同法应当为有关合同关系配备一种预防和惩罚拖欠债务的机制,这种机制具体而言包括两大手段:第一是限制支付期限的可约定范围,避免债务人滥用合同自由设定过长的支付期限;第二是加重拖欠方的违约责任,这方面的可行措施是提高逾期利息和赋予债权人额外的补偿金请求权。为此,文章提出具体条文的立法建议并配上理由说明供立法者参考。

In recent years,debt in arrears to small and medium-sized enterprises have become a serious social problem,which needs to be solved urgently. Since the default of debt involves the contractual legal relationship between the parties,the fundamental solution to this problem cannot be separated from the means of contract law. Contract law should be equipped with a general mechanism for the prevention and punishment of delinquency,which consists of two main instruments. The first instrument is to limit the agreed scope of the payment period to prevent the debtor from abusing the freedom of contract,the second instrument is to increase the defaulting party’s liability for breach of contract,the feasible measures are to increase overdue interest and to grant creditors an additional fixed sum of compensation. This article provides suggestions for specific legal provisions and legislative reasons.