流人遣戍与清代东北儒学的演变

Exile and Defending the Frontier of Banished Man and Evolution of Northeast Confucianism in Qing Dynasty

儒学在古代东北地区的传播,是"用夏变夷"与"忻慕汉化"合力的结果。但在清前期,源于少数民族建立大一统王朝的性质,东北儒学有着自身独特的发展历程。在清初"旗民两属二重管理体制"与封禁政策所构成的基本框架与空间内,为了维护本民族特质,官办儒学发展滞后,为文化流人儒学教育活动所补充,特别是在吉林、黑龙江地区,儒学的传播主要是由文化流人推动的。文化流人传播儒学的活动,最初与维护"国语骑射"等满洲习俗并不相悖;但随着儒学的传播,八旗子弟学习儒学热情的高涨,有碍满洲风俗,导致东北儒学政策有异于汉地儒学,由此可见统治者维护本民族特质的目的。

The spread of Confucianism in ancient northeast area was the result of assimilating the barbarians with Chinese civilization and admiring Chinesization. During the early period of Qing dynasty,northeast Confucianism got its own unique development because of the nature of grand unification dynasty established by minority.Under the basic structure and space of banner double management system and closing and blocking policy in early Qing dynasty,in order to maintain the ethnic characteristics,government-run Confucianism developed behind and was supplemented by cultural banished man Confucianism education activity,especially in Jilin and Heilongjiang.The activity of Confucianism by cultural banished man was in accordance with maintaining Manchu habits,such as Manchu language,riding and shooting. However,with the spread of the Confucianism,the upsurge of Eight Banners' young generation's learning the Confucianism was a hindrance to Manchu customs,which led to the differences of northeast Confucianism policy from traditional regions. Thus it can be seen that the purpose of rulers to maintain the national character.