从中医针灸经典文献溯源穴位的本态

Trace to the Source of the Original State of Acupoints from Classical TCM Acupuncture Documents

[目的]从中医针灸经典文献溯源穴位的本态,揭示针灸穴位研究的突破方向。[方法]基于中医针灸经典文献,梳理中医古典文献对穴位概念、起源、定位、功能、穴位属性等影响因素的相关论述,探讨穴位所具有的部位属性与功能属性,明确针灸穴位研究的突破方向。[结果]在中医针灸经典文献中,对穴位部位属性的描述较为粗略,而对其功能属性的描述则具体详细,且不断得到发展。穴位的功效,一方面取决于准确取穴、精准定位,同时也与施术方法密切相关,涉及针刺时间、气血运行状况、针刺补泻与刺激量等多种因素,"得气"与否对穴位功效的发挥至关重要。[结论]穴位具有部位、反应生理功能病理情况、治疗疾病的多重属性,正是对穴位在不同生理病理条件下不同反应、功能主治的不断探索、总结与实践,推动着穴位研究、针灸学科与临床的不断前行,穴位的本态研究,应是当前针灸穴位研究的突破方向。

[Objective] To trace the source of the original state of acupoints from classical TCM acupuncture documents, exposing breakthrough direction of acupuncture acupoints study. [Method] Based on classical TCM acupuncture documents, tease the interrelated thesis of factors concerning concept, origin,position, function and attribution of acupoints, explore the location and function of acupoints, and define the breakthrough direction of acupuncture acupoints study. [Result] In classical TCM acupuncture documents, the description to acupoints position is sketchy, while to that of function is in detail and develops continually. The function of acupoints concerns acupoint selection and correct position, on the other hand, it is closely related with application methods, concerning acupuncture time, Qi and blood function, acupuncture reinforcing and reducing, and stimulating amount, and other many factors; whether'bringing about the desired sensation'is very important to exert acupoints function. [Conclusion] Acupoints have many attributes, i.e. the location reflecting physiological condition, pathological state, disease treatment; just the different reactions of acupoints to physiological and pathological conditions, continual exploration and study, summarization and generalization, and repeated practice to functions of acupoints, promote the constant development of acupuncture science and clinic; the original state study of acupoints shall be the breakthrough direction of acupuncture acupoints research.