铝超高速碰撞产生等离子体相变潜热的理论研究

Theoretical Study of Plasma Latent Heat of Aluminum during Hypervelocity Impact

超高速碰撞对航天器的毁伤除了对防护结构的机械毁伤外,还有对电子器件的电磁毁伤。研究铝超高速碰撞产生等离子体的相变潜热对航天器防护结构的设计具有指导作用。本文以实验测定的电子温度为依据,根据Saha方程得到电离度判据;并以温度和电离度判据为依据,借鉴Clausius-Clapeyron方程的推导,利用热力学理论对建立在气化基础上的等离子体相变潜热和熵增进行了讨论,且得到了相应的计算公式。

The damage to spacecraft during hypervelocity impact includes the mechanical damage to protective system and the electromagnetic damage to electronic device. Plasma latent heat of aluminum during hypervelocity impact is of great guiding significance for protective system design of spacecraft. Based on electron temperature determined by experiment,the ionization degree criterion is obtained by using Saha equation. Based on the temperature and ionization degree criterion and the derivation of Clausius-Clapeyron equation,the plasma latent heat after vaporization is discussed,and the corresponding calculation formula are obtained.