HMX基混合炸药烤燃特性及多步热反应计算

Research on Cook-off Characteristics and Multistep Thermal Decomposition Calculation of HMX-based Explosive

对以HMX为基的HMX/粘结剂/95/5混合炸药进行了多点测温的烤燃实验,获得了炸药内部不同位置的温度变化历程,观测到了炸药加热过程中由于HMX从β相到δ相的晶型转变吸收热量引起的温度非线性变化。通过不同尺寸炸药烤燃弹实验,研究了装药尺寸对炸药烤燃过程的影响。结果显示,在相同加热条件下,不同尺寸炸药内部温度分布不同,炸药内部相变情况、点火时间和区域有差异。HMX/粘结剂/95/5炸药烤燃点火后会发生强烈爆炸。建立了HMX/粘结剂/95/5炸药热反应计算模型,考虑了HMX多步热分解反应。采用过渡态理论,描述HMX炸药固相相变。根据炸药多点测温烤燃实验的结果,标定了HMX/粘结剂/95/5炸药热反应动力学参数。计算出了HMX晶型转变吸热引起的温度变化。通过对不同尺寸的烤燃弹实验的数值模拟,验证了计算的准确性,实现了对不同条件下炸药烤燃过程的有效预测性计算。计算获得了不同时刻下HMX热反应过程中反应物、中间产物和产物质量浓度的变化情况。

The multi-point temperature measuring cook-off tests are carried out to investigate the thermal reaction characteristics of HMX/binder/95/5 explosive. The temperature in the mixed explosive is measured from the center to the edge. The changes of temperature caused by β→δ transition of HMX are observed. The cook-off bombs with differently sized HMX/binder/95/5 explosives are test. The influence of charge size on the cook-off process of explosive is studied. The results show that the temperature distributions,phase transitions,ignition times and ignition locations of differently sized explosives are different under the same heating condition. HMX/binder/95/5 explosive violently explodes after ignition. A model of thermal reaction for HMX/binder/95/5explosive is established. The thermal decomposition of explosive is described by the multi-step chemical kinetics mode,and the phase transition of HMX is described by transition state theory. According to the measured T-t curves from multi-point temperature measuring cook-off test,the reaction kinetic parameter of HMX is calibrated. The change of temperature caused by β→δ transition of HMX is calculated. According to the numerical simulations of differently sized cook-off bombs,the calculation accuracy is verified. The prediction calculation of the cook-off processes of explo-sive is performed. The mass fractions of reactant,intermediates and product during the process of thermal reaction are obtained by calculation.