用于三级轻气炮弹速测量的改进型激光测速系统

Improved Laser Velocity-measuring System for Measuring the Projectile Velocity of Three-stage Light-gas Gun

激光测速技术几乎可以满足各类轻气炮实验中的弹速测量要求,具有响应速度快、对弹丸种类和形状无限制等优点。三级轻气炮中弹丸加载速率较高,高温弹前激波的发光干扰给弹丸激光测速带来很大的困难。对弹前激波的发光强度进行了理论分析和估算,并综合采用增加弹道消波装置、改善激光光路、优化测量电路等技术手段,改进了传统激光测速系统,增强了测速系统的抗干扰能力,提高了信噪比,实现了三级轻气炮中非金属弹丸高达8.11 km/s弹速的精确测量。

Laser velocity-measuring technique has many advantages including high response speed and wide range of application,which almost meets the requirements of projectile velocity measurement in all kinds of experiments of light-gas gun. However,the fairly high velocity of projectile launched from threestage light-gas gun and the luminous disturbance of shock wave in front of projectile make the projectile velocity measurement more difficult. The luminous intensity of shock wave in front of projectile is analyzed and estimated. And the projectile velocity measuring system is improved by a variety of technical means,including wave attenuation in ballistic trajectory,laser optical path improvement and measuring circuit optimization. The anti-jamming capacity of the projectile velocity measuring system is enhanced,and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved. The velocity of a metalloid projectile is precisely measured,which reaches up to 8. 11 km/s for the three-stage light-gas gun.