朝圣之旅——“内部东方主义”视野下的沈从文湘西小说

The Way of Pilgrimage:Shen Congwen’s Texts in the View of Internal-Orientalsim

"帝国的持久性是由统治者与被统治者双方维持的,而且每一方都有从自身的视角、历史感、情绪与传统出发,对他们的共同历史做出的一套解释。"①的确,任何规训话语的建构,都是在规训者与被规训者的共同参与下实现的——被规训者的参与,构成了一个自我"他者化"的过程。作为意识形态的"内部东方主义",其生成同样离不开上述二者的共同参与。本文尝试以"内部东方主义"为视角透视沈从文的湘西小说,着重揭示其"湘西人"文化认同背后所遮蔽的自我他者化、东方化的意识形态诉求。

"The durability of empire was sustained on both sides, that of the rulers and that of the distant ruled, and in turn each had a set of interpretations of their common history with its own perspective, historical sense, emotions, and traditions." It is true that any discourse of "discipline" was formed by both sides as Michel Foucault talked in Discipline and Punish. The participation of both sides make the "discipline" a process of self-otherization. The ideology of Internal-Orientalism could not be constructed without the participation of the two sides above. In this paper, I would attempt to review Shen Congwen’s fictions by theories of "folktales’ morphology" from Vladimir Propp, "defamiliarization" from Viktor Shklovsky and "ideology of form" from Fredric Jameson, in order to reveal the ideological unconsciousness of self-otherization and self-Orientalization shaded by identification of Xiangxi for Shen Congwen himself.