先锋的“回归”与“日常生活”实践的“胜利”——关于先锋小说及其回归传统的再思考

The“Return”of Avant-Garde and the“Triumph”of Everyday Life Practice:Rethinking Avant-Garde Fiction and Its Return to Realism Tradition

先锋派小说在90年代的回归,已经是一个颇为古老的话题,而人们也总会于有意无意中把它看成是失败的象征,这其实凸显了另一问题:即向谁回归?能否回到从前?换一个角度来看的话,这其实是先锋小说形式主义实验反抗性被耗尽后的必然和无奈的选择,而其作为一个范畴自出现之日起就若隐若现呈现出的实用性目的及其对艺术远离生活的反叛倾向,都使得先锋派小说在形式主义耗尽后向日常生活实践的倾斜成为可能和必然。这时的"日常生活"(甚至包括先锋派早期作品)已经不再是本质化、整体化的存在形态,其表现出的对以往意识形态的拒绝使得这种存在只能以一种破碎的、平面化的形态漂浮在小说的叙述中。因而一定意义上说,先锋的"回归"其实即是日常生活实践的某种胜利。

So much discussed as to be trite,the"return"of avant-garde fiction in the 1990s is generally viewed as the symbol of its own failure.However,another question is actually unfolded from this opinion:to whom it returns? Is it possible to return to the past? As a matter of fact,the"return"of avant-garde fiction to"everyday life"is an inevitable choice after its exhaustion of experimental resistance.Avant-garde’s innate inclination towards the practical as well as its rejection of"art for art’s sake"enables and necessitates its shift in direction.Here"everyday life"no longer exists in essence and entirety,it is rather fragmentary and flattened,floating adrift in the fiction’s narratives.So the"return"of avant-garde fiction,in a sense,is actually a certain victory of the practice of everyday life.