边远的声音和灵魂的回声:初探20世纪初外国旅游者眼里的彝族音乐文化之美——以德国魏司夫妇和俄罗斯顾彼得先生为例

Voice of the Periphery and Echoes of the Souel:An Introduction to Depictions of Liangshan Yi(Nuosu) Music and Culture in the Writings of 20th Century European Travelers(Hedwig and Fritz Weiss,Peter Goullart)

本文简介与探讨20世纪初前往中国边远、四川大凉山地区旅游的外国人对当地彝族及其社会和文化的描述和感受。德国魏司夫妇与俄罗斯顾彼得先生所留下的有关凉山彝族民间音乐与文化的笔记不仅具有一定的历史价值,最关键的是他们通过当时所听到的彝族民间音乐的"声音性特征"——这不仅强调了彝族音乐与文化的独特性,也将这一声音直接融入到一种人类的或者世界文化的"普世性"之中,认为他们所了解的彝族文化的基本旋律或精神与自己的文化是相同的。此外,魏司夫妇和顾彼得先生在描述的过程中所体现出来的尊重与客观性在当时的情况下也是非常宝贵的。这也使得他们的记录获得了一定的人类学、特别是田野采风等方法和方法道德上的意义。

In the first half of the 20th century the German couple Fritz and Hedwig Weiss and Russian-born author and translator Peter Goullart traveled to southwestern peripheries of China-the Da Liangshan Mountains of Sichuan Province,home to the Liangshan Yi(Nuosu)-and recorded these trips as travel diaries(Hedwig Weiss) and novels(Peter Goullart).These writings not only pose interesting historical documents,but bear strikingly aesthetic descriptions of Nuosu music and culture.More importantly yet,although neither the Weissens nor Goullart were ethnologists,their behavior in the field,their interaction with the locals they encountered during their travels,and the ways in and respect with which they described the positive impact of Nuosu music in particular on their emotions as well as on their understanding of what they saw and experienced,bears qualities of modern-day fieldwork and ethics in fieldwork.Their earnest effort at both giving voice to a people as well as emphasizing the universality of culture as they experienced it through the sonic qualities of Nuosu music becomes especially important when considering the global times and circumstances in and under which these writings were conceived.