均势失效与霸权阻断的比较政治学迷思——许田波《战争与国家形成》相关论证再考察

Myth of Comparative Politics on Destruction of Power-balance and Block of Hegemony:Reflections on Victoria Tin-bor Hui’s Arguments in WAR AND STATE FORMATION

春秋战国国家间关系研究作为构建国际关系中国学派的理论努力而风行一时。许田波在《战争与国家形成》中对比战国与近代西欧,以自强及自弱型资源动员模式解释霸权争夺过程的不同导向和差异结果。此种思路本身存在多个缺陷,而且以比较政治思路将体系和单元、国家与社会混合进一种解释框架,就逻辑和历史而言都较为牵强。战国均势失效与秦统一关键在于外部体系结构因素而非国内动员改革模式,近代西欧的分裂与霸权阻断也首先源于结构作用而非单元因素。比较政治与国际政治的结合不能急于求成、预设结论或倒果为因,应遵循历史与逻辑理性。

As the theoretical attempt in construction of "Chinese School",study of ancient China esp.before Qin Dynasty is gaining popularity.In her WAR AND STATE FORMATION,Victoria Tin-bor Hui compares ancient China and early modern Europe,trying to use self-strengthening or self-weakening model of resource mobilization in explaining different results of struggle for hegemony.Beside several flaws in itself,it doesn’t seem logically or historically valid to deliberately mix factors of system/unit or state/society into single framework as a comparative political approach.Destruction of power-balance is rather the result of outer system factors than reasons inside single state.Similarly,it is the structural effect rather than unit dynamic that leads to block of hegemony in early modern Europe.So it is suitable to follow the reason of history and logic rather than anxiously setting the conclusion.