论《民法典各分编(草案)》“担保物权”的制度完善——以《民法典各分编(草案)》第一编物权为分析对象

On the System Improvement of Real Rights for Security under the Civil Code(Draft) :Focusing on Real Right in Part One of the Civil Code( Draft)

《民法典各分编(草案)》第一编物权对担保物权制度作了体系化的规定。因受"物债"不分的制度逻辑的影响,民法典草案在构造担保物权的一般规定以及类型化担保物权的制度结构方面,虽有改善《物权法》规定的某些制度的努力,但总体上对2007年制定的《物权法》规定的担保物权的制度逻辑和体系梳理未有实质性的改善,仍普遍存在担保物权规范的制度逻辑不清晰、制度规范缺位或选择失当、担保物权制度的结构性缺陷等诸多问题。民法典草案首先应当摒弃自《担保法》以来我国发展担保物权制度体系的"物债"不分的制度逻辑,以现有的担保物权制度结构和体系为基础,重构担保物权的一般规定,构造逻辑关系相对清晰的担保物权规范,以完善作为民法典组成部分的担保物权制度。

Real Right,Part One of the Civil Code(Draft)makes a systematic expression of real rights for security.Because of the impact of the institutional logic of no-distinction between real rights and claims,in the construction of the general provisions of real rights for security and the institutional structure of typical real rights for security,although the draft has made effects to improve certain rules of the real right law,but on the whole,there is no substantial improvement on the institutional logic and structure of real rights for security stipulated by the real right law enacted in 2007.In terms of real rights for security,the institutional logic is not clear,the indispensable legal norms are absent or appropriate,and even the structure of legal norms flawed in the draft.First of all,the draft should abandon the institutional logic of no-distinction between real rights and claims in developing the system of real rights for security since the security law.On the basis of the existing structure and system of real rights for security,the draft should reconstruct the general provisions,and update the norms of the real rights for security with relatively clear logical relationship in order to perfect the system of real rights for security as a part of the civil code.