民法一般人格权的价值基础与表达方式

The Value Basis and Concrete Expression of the Personality Right of the Civil Code

民法上的一般人格权以人格尊严、人格自由等法秩序内涵的基本价值为基础,这也决定了作为一般性条款的一般人格权在制度功能上具有极强的涵摄能力,可以有效缓解法的安定性与向社会生活开放二者之间的紧张关系。与民法上的这种功能预设相一致,一般人格权在民法典中的具体表述可以是"其他人格利益"而非必须采用"一般人格权"概念。当然,为使"其他人格利益"概念持续向社会生活开放,毋需在民法典中将其价值基础明确宣誓出来并限定在人身自由、人格尊严内,而是应交给司法实践,由法官根据实践发展而在个案中综合考虑法秩序内涵的基本价值确定,从而维持法典外在体系的科学严谨性,实现内外在体系的融贯性。

Article 7 of'The Law of Personality Right(Draft)'acknowledges that'other personality interests'is a specific expression of general personality right and this is worthy of recognition.However,it limits the value basis of the general personality right to human dignity.This does not have a legal basis.This is inconsistent with the human dignity provisions stipulated in Article 38 of the Constitution and the related general legal thoughts.It is also inconsistent with the basic values of civil rights under Article 109 of the General Principles of the Civil Law.In addition,this way of defining the value basis of general personality right will limit the scope general personality right could cover.It can not meet the needs of real life and is contrary to the experience acquired in legal practice regarding general personality right in the comparative law.In this regard,if the law of personality right is independently compiled,the'human dignity'in the draft should be deleted and just keep the concept of'other personality interests'.If the law of personality right is not independently compiled,then the'personal freedom,human dignity'in the Article 109 of the'General Principles of the Civil Law'should be revised to'human dignity,freedom of personality.'